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20.08.2025
Vorsicht bei Entwässerungsleitungen unter der Bodenplatte
Bei der Errichtung von Einfamilienhäusern findet sich in vorvertraglichen wie vertraglichen Leistungsbeschreibungen meist eine Ausführungsvariante, bei der sämtliche Entwässerungsleitungen unter der Bodenplatte zentral zu einer Hauptleitung zusammengeführt werden. Außerhalb des Gebäudes erfolgt der Anschluss an den Revisionsschacht. „Das mag auf den ersten Blick plausibel erscheinen“, sagt VPB-Regionalbüroleiter Peter Reinwald aus Marburg. Doch der öffentlich bestellte und vereidigte Sachverständige für Schäden an Gebäuden warnt: „Für Bauherren hat dies mehrere Risiken zur Folge.“
Eine zentrale Hauptleitung erschwert die Revision sowie mögliche Reparaturen, da diese ohne Eingriff in die Bodenplatte kaum durchführbar sind und technisch mit erheblichem Aufwand verbunden wären. Bei Bodenplatten aus WU-Beton ist darüber hinaus auch das Abdichtungskonzept des Gebäudes zwingend zu berücksichtigen, so Reinwald. Hinzu kämen wirtschaftliche Risiken wie deutlich höhere Folgekosten bei Schadensfällen und Wertminderung des Gebäudes. „Rechtlich drohen Streitigkeiten über Mängelrechte und Beweislastfragen sowie mögliche Haftungsfolgen bei Folgeschäden.“ Bei normgerechter Ausführung kann es sein, dass Bauherren die Kosten für zusätzliche Leitungslängen außerhalb des Gebäudes tragen müssen, wenn diese Leitungen in jedem Fall erforderlich gewesen wären – unabhängig von der gewählten Ausführungsvariante. In der Praxis kann es daher zu Diskussionen kommen, ob es sich um „echte Mehrkosten“ oder um Sowiesokosten handelt, die nicht gesondert vergütet werden.
Orientierung gibt die DIN 1986-100. Sie sieht vor, dass jede Entwässerungsleitung auf dem kürzesten Weg aus dem Gebäude zu führen ist. Erst außerhalb des Bauwerks sollen die einzelnen Stränge – in der Regel im umlaufenden Graben – zusammengeführt werden. Diese Vorgabe dient nicht nur der Funktionssicherheit, sondern vor allem der Wartungs- und Reparaturfreundlichkeit. Schäden an Leitungen, die unter der Bodenplatte verlaufen, erfordern im Regelfall aufwändige und kostenintensive Eingriffe in die tragende Konstruktion.
„Bauherren sollten bereits bei der Beauftragung sowie bei der Freigabe einer Planung oder Baubeschreibung auf die Ausführung nach DIN 1986-100 achten“, empfiehlt Reinwald. „Will man aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen auf eine solche Ausführung verzichten, ist es empfehlenswert, sich vorab umfassend über die technischen und rechtlichen Konsequenzen aufklären zu lassen und die Ausführung der Arbeiten durch einen eigenen, unabhängigen Sachverständigen kontrollieren zu lassen.“ Idealerweise werde dieser bereits vor der Vertragsunterzeichnung eingebunden. „Baut man abweichend von der DIN 1986-100 sollten Bauherren im Vertrag zudem klar regeln, ob und in welchem Umfang dies stattfindet.“
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